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| James Webb Space Telescope |
The world's largest-ever space telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), has embarked on a historic journey into space in search of the first constellations and galaxies to illuminate the universe.
The JWST began its journey on Saturday from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Kauro spaceport in French Guinea, South America.
The BBC says that after nearly 30 years of design, the James Webb Space Telescope has cost 10 billion dollars; Which is about 10 times more than the initial budget.
The JWST project is considered to be one of the most important scientific projects of the 21st century.
The James Webb Space Telescope is named after an architect of the manned spacecraft Apollo that landed on the moon; Which is the successor to the Hubble Telescope. Engineers from the United States, the European Union, and the Canadian Space Research Organization have built a new observatory telescope hundreds of times more powerful in a two-and-a-half-decade effort.
"James Webb is a wonderful mission," said Bill Nelson, manager of the US space agency NASA. This is a shining example of how much we can achieve when we dream big. We always knew that the project would be risky. But to achieve something big, you have to take some big risks. '
NASA's Rob Navius was speaking on television when James Webb launched the Space Telescope into space. In a trembling voice at the moment of JWST's flight, he said that James Webb has embarked on a historic journey to know the secrets of the universe.
Scientists have high expectations, expectations as well as concerns about the Webb. Over the last 30 years, thousands of people from around the world have worked on this project. Although the European Arian-5 rocket was highly reliable, there were doubts as to whether James Webb's flight would be successful.
The flight of this telescope marked the beginning of a complex process of its initial activities in space for the next six months. The telescope is being placed at an observation center about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. In this position of the orbit, the traveling web has to be gradually matched from the rolled state of the flight time. The whole mission can fail if there is a slight deviation in this process of gradual matching like a butterfly.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson acknowledged that this would not be easy. He says, ‘We have to understand that there are still countless things; That has to work and they have to work perfectly. But we know that the bigger the reward, the bigger the risk. This is the work of James Webb. And that's why we dare to explore the mystery of creation in space. "
At the heart of this entire telescope system, one of the largest in the 21st century is a 6-and-a-half-meter-wide mirror wrapped in gold. This mirror, which is three times wider than the Hubble Telescope, will reflect the light from the early constellations. Scientists say that all of JWST's 'super-sensitive' sensors can detect light particles.
In addition, it has added optics with four additional ultra-sensitive instruments capable of conducting deep space exploration. One of James Webb's goals will be to search for the original star, which formed shortly after the Big Bang 13 billion years ago. Among these objects, James Webb will look for the first heavy atoms useful for life in nuclear reactions, such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Another major goal of the web is to explore the atmosphere of distant planets. This will help researchers determine if a planet is habitable. Heidi Hamel, an interdisciplinary scientist, and astronomer on the mission said, ‘We are about to enter a whole new system of astrophysics, a new frontier; And that's what made many of us excited about the powerful James Webb Space Telescope."
Mark McCaughrean, a senior scientific adviser at the European Space Agency, said the telescope would be at a temperature of minus 233 degrees Celsius. Only then will it work out of sight where we want to use this telescope.
‘And only then will it be able to take sensitive pictures of distant universes and planets orbiting other stars; Where the first galaxy was formed. That is why we still have a long way to go."
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